Melbourne University's recent mapping project has shed light on the remarkable resurgence of the rakali, a native water mammal once dismissed as a mere 'water rat'. This project, led by conservation biologist Kylie Soanes, has revealed that the rakali is not only thriving in Melbourne's waterways but also across Greater Melbourne, with over 700 sightings recorded. The rakali's adaptability to urban environments, including drains, fountains, and ponds, showcases its resilience and ability to coexist with humans. This is a significant shift from its past perception as a pest, which was largely due to a historical stigma lumping native species with pest rodents.
The name 'rakali' itself, derived from the language of the Ngarrindjeri people of the Lower Murray, was adopted in 1995 to rebrand the animal and remove the negative connotations associated with the term 'water rat'. Dr. Soanes emphasizes that the rakali is far from being a pest; in fact, it plays a crucial role in controlling the population of invasive black and brown rats in cities. Footage from Sydney, captured by Professor Peter Banks' research, demonstrates a rakali successfully ambushing and defeating a black rat, highlighting its effectiveness as a natural rat control method.
Rakali are formidable hunters with a refined side. They are opportunistic predators and scavengers, primarily preying on marine invertebrates and crustaceans. However, they display remarkable table manners, leaving behind tidy piles of bones and shells after their meals. One of the most fascinating aspects of the rakali is its ability to safely consume cane toads, a toxic species. By carefully cutting out the toxic glands, rakali can eat only the safe parts, showcasing their precision and adaptability.
The mapping project has also provided valuable insights into the behavior and habitat preferences of rakali. They are often found near water bodies, such as ponds, fountains, and artificial creeks, and can climb in and out of these areas to hunt. The project has recorded sightings at all hours, challenging the long-held assumption that rakali are nocturnal. Dr. Soanes suggests that dawn and dusk are the best times to spot them, as the calmer water conditions make their movements more visible.
The rakali's distinctive appearance includes a white tip on its long tail and a shimmer of orange on its belly, which earned it the scientific name Hydromys chrysogaster, or 'golden-bellied water mouse'. Despite being commonly found across most of Australia, excluding arid areas, the project focused on Melbourne. Dr. Soanes encourages residents to report sightings to the Australian Platypus Conservancy, which tracks the species due to its shared habitat with platypuses. The project has already received valuable contributions from the public, including fishers and dog walkers, and has expanded the known range of rakali in areas like St Leonards.
In conclusion, the rakali's resurgence in Melbourne's waterways is a testament to its adaptability and ecological importance. By dispelling the stigma associated with native species, this mapping project has not only brought attention to the rakali's presence but also highlighted its role in maintaining a balanced urban ecosystem. As Dr. Soanes humorously notes, her own first sighting remains elusive, but the map continues to provide valuable insights into the lives of these fascinating creatures.
